CHICAGO, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- A research of the University of Michigan (UM) finds that some people feel less negative about the content when they receive trigger warnings, but those who believe them to be protective do not feel better for having had these alerts.
UM researchers looked at how trigger warnings influence the anticipated and actual responses of people through three studies.
In the first study, 80 people answered questions about their anticipated emotional and behavioral responses about warned-of content, their beliefs about trigger warnings, general anxiety and coping style.
Participants indicated that they expected to feel more anxious when engaging with content that was given a trigger warning. In addition, those who believed the warning to be protective rather than coddling were more likely to avoid the warned-of content.
About 275 participants in the second study had to choose to watch one of two fictional videos based on their titles, one which had a trigger warning about distressing content. They rated how they expected to feel while watching the video. The findings showed the videos with the warning were avoided more often than those without the notice.
In the third study, nearly 1,000 people had been randomly assigned an essay involving domestic violence: one that only had a title, another that had the title and warning indicating "distressing content," or a third with the title and warning specific to domestic violence. Participants with some type of warning had less negative reactions than those who were not alerted to potential distress, the study showed.
Importantly, and ironically, among participants who believed trigger warnings to be protective, those in the warning conditions felt no better than those given no warning, the researchers said.
"This is just the beginning of research on how these warnings affect people's emotional experiences, and by no means settles any sort of debate. There is so much more that can and needs to be done, especially if institutions are encouraging or mandating their use," said lead author Izzy Gainsburg, a doctoral student in psychology at UM.
A trigger warning is a statement that alerts individuals to distressing content and can prompt them to avoid the content or situation. There is a debate as to whether any trigger warnings should be issued.
The findings have been published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
